Antioxidant xanthones from the pericarp of Garcinia mangostana (Mangosteen).
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 2006 Mar 22;54(6):2077-82
The aim of this study was to identify phytochemicals in mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana) with anti-cancer activity. The researchers identified 14 xanthones, of which two were for the first time identified: 8-hydroxycudraxanthone G and mangostingone. The other xanthones were cudraxanthone G, 8-deoxygartanin, garcimangosone B, garcinone D, garcinone E, gartanin, 1-isomangostin, alpha-mangostin, gamma-mangostin, mangostinone, smeathxanthone A and tovophyllin A. The phytochemicals with the strongest antioxidant activity were 8-hydroxycudraxanthone G, gartanin, alpha-mangostin, gamma-mangostin and smeathxanthone A. Alpha-mangostin inhibited preneoplastic lesions in a mouse mammary organ culture assay following treatment with a carcinogen.
Antiproliferation, antioxidation and induction of apoptosis by Garcinia mangostana (mangosteen) on SKBR3 human breast cancer cell line.
Journal of Ethnopharmacoly. 2004 January;90(1):161-6
The aim of this study was to determine the antiproliferative, apoptotic and antioxidative properties of a methanol extract of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana) pericarp. The in-vitro test was carried out on human breast cancer cells, subject to different concentrations of the mangosteen extract. The researchers found dose-dependent inhibition of cancer cell proliferation. The extract also caused apoptosis on breast cancer cells and inhibited the production of reactive oxygen species. The study concluded that the methanol extract from the pericarp of mangosteen has potential for cancer chemoprevention.
Induction of apoptosis by xanthones from mangosteen in human leukemia cell lines.
Journal of Natural Products. 2003 August;66(8):1124-7
The study determined the anti-cancer activity of six xanthones extracted from the pericarp of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana). The in-vitro tests were carried out on human leukemia cells. The researchers found that all tested xanthones inhibited the growth of the cancer cells. The xanthone with the strongest inhibitory effect was alpha-mangostin.
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