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Anticancer effects of grape seed |
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Grape seed extract prevents gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity and genotoxicity in bone marrow cells of mice.
Basic and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology. 2006 September;99(3):230-6
The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effects of grape seed extract against toxic effects (kidney damage and DNA damage in bone marrow) of gentamicin. The in-vivo study was carried out on albino mice. The researchers found that intake of grape seed grape seed extract reduced damage to the kidneys by improving antioxidant activity. Grape seed extract also protected bone marrow DNA against damages induced by gentamicin. They concluded that grape seed extract, through its antioxidant activity, helps to prevent damage to kidneys and DNA of bone marrow cells.
Grape seed extract induces anoikis and caspase-mediated apoptosis in human prostate carcinoma LNCaP cells: possible role of ataxia telangiectasia mutated-p53 activation.
Molecular Cancer Therapeutics. 2006 May;5(5):1265-74
Epidemiologic studies show that the intake of certain plants rich in phytochemicals have anticancer properties and could reduce the prostate cancer risk. The aim of this study was to investigate if grape seed extract could inhibit the growth and induces cell death of cultured or transplanted human prostate cancer cells. Grape seed extract resulted in cell death, similar to anoikis (cell death caused by detachment from the surrounding extracellular matrix). Grape seed extract caused a decrease in focal adhesion kinase levels and an increase in caspases. The study concluded that grape seed extract has effect on prostate cancer cells and that more in-vivo studies on the anticancer effects on prostate cancer are required.
Grape seed proanthocyanidins induce apoptosis and inhibit metastasis of highly metastatic breast carcinoma cells.
Carcinogenesis. 2006 August;27(8):1682-91
Phytochemicals may offer protection against metastatic breast cancer. This study investigates the effect of proanthocyanidins from grape seed extract on cultured breast cancer cells and on breast cancer cells implanted in mice. The researchers found that the grape seed proanthocyanidins significant dose-dependant inhibition of the proliferation and viability of the cultured breast cancer cells. The induction of apoptosis involved both caspase activation-dependent and activation-independent pathways. The in-vivo study with mice showed that the intake of grape seed proanthocyanidins significantly inhibited the growth of the implanted breast tumor cells. Also the metastasis of breast cancer cells to other organs was inhibited. The study concluded that grape seed proanthocyanidins may possess chemotherapeutic activity against breast cancer.
Fractionation of grape seed extract and identification of gallic acid as one of the major active constituents causing growth inhibition and apoptotic death of DU145 human prostate carcinoma cells.
Carcinogenesis. 2006 July;27(7):1445-53
Previous studies have shown the anti-cancer effects of grape seed extract. It inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis. The main phytochemicals in grape seed extract are gallic acid , catechin, epicatechin and procyanidins (oligomers of catechin and epicatechin). The aim of this study was to determine which phytochemicals are most active against prostate cancer. Grape seed extract was separated in three fractions (1,2 and 3). Fraction 1 showed the strongest anticancer effects. This fraction contains gallic acid, which showed a dose-dependant inhibition of growth of prostate cancer cells and induction of their apoptosis. Catechin and procyanidins showed little effect on the cancer cells. The other two fractions contained mainly procyanidin oligomers and were further separted into 8 subfractions. Some fractions, which were rich in procyanidin trimers and gallic acid esters of procyanidin dimers and trimers, caused significant growth inhibition and apoptosis of the prostate cancer cells. The study concluded that gallic acid and some procyanidins may be effective against prostate cancer and should be further investigated.
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